Handy post from Raspberry Pi Spy.
he Raspberry Pi GPIO pins work with 3.3V logic levels and are not 5V tolerant. If you apply 5V to a GPIO pin you risk permanently damaging it. However, you can easily use 5V sensors or modules if you convert their 5V outputs to 3.3V using a level shifter. This ensures the GPIO pins on the Pi only see a maximum of 3.3V. The shifters are usually bi-directional so they can also be used to allow the Pi to trigger a 5V input with it’s 3.3V outputs.
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